Monday, January 30, 2012

房地产泡沫的预防

今年是全球大选年,马来西亚肯定会在今年大选,而且肯定会在6月前。大选过后,马来西亚政府肯定会打压房地产,防止泡沫严重化,以便准备2017年的大选。那么2013,14很多产业建好的时候就会出现幅度的调整。2015年后产业将会逐步回升一直到2017年大选。

2013-2014 年是调整时期,产业大概会调整10-15%左右。这是最好的情况,包括马来西亚经济依然成长,外面的世界没有什么灾难。但是,我认为外面的世界没有什么灾 难是不可能的。以下有3件事将有可能发生。任何一件事发生都会让房地产增加调整10%, 比如本来会10-15%,但是A事件发生,所以调整变20-25%,以此类推。

1。美国利率开始进入上升趋势,货币政策收缩。
2。中国经济崩溃
3。国际油价,原产品,资源类,全面跌价。

以上其中一个发生,房地产就会调整多10%,两个发生就增加20%,三个一起发生就会增加调整30%。举列,如果三个一起发生,房地产调整就是10-15%+30%=40-45%

另外,忘记告诉大家,最新的分析显示,2013-14年的房地产泡沫爆炸是没有可能可以避免的,而且不管政府有没有升息,这都会发生。是的,不管政府的利率有没有调整,房地产泡沫爆炸已经是肯定的事实。

我再次强调,房地产泡沫的起点是2004年,而不是2010年,这个泡沫有多严重没有人可以估计,会发生什么事情也没有人可以估计,我们只有在当时看才能理解事情会如何进行。

那么,我们先为当时的情况看看会有什么不同的情况:
当房地产泡沫爆炸:
1。政府降息- 这会拖拉问题,引致2017年政府大选失败。所以,政府不会使用。拖拉问题会使经济内部产生非常大的破坏,引致之前的问题不能快速解决,这肯定会让政府输掉2017大选。
2。政府利率不变- 这会让事情正确进行,该爆的爆,没有事情的就没有事,一些人痛苦,一些人开心。短期内经济产生问题,财富出现转移,经济在低迷几年后开始恢复元气,向上。
3。政府升利率- 这会将问题严重化,金融市场短期内受伤严重,泡沫快速刺爆,严重可能引发骨牌效应拉倒其他行业。所以,如果不是没有选择,政府不可能会使用。

经过以上的计算,2和3是比较有可能发生的。政府的选项是2。政府会不会选3则看当时的情况,如果大环境因素,政府不得不选3的时候,那么就会产生经济问题。

马来西亚的房地产问题主要有两个方面,那就是供给多过需求,和供期的压力。

那么有人会说,现在的屋子卖到完,怎么会有供给多过需求?这是因为还有很多房子还没有建好,等到一堆房子建好的时候就会看到供给多过需求。

那么有人会说,供期会有压力吗?这自然是确定的,目前的房价高涨,自然的会让买屋者供期钱的增加。当我们看到屋价高涨的时候,供钱再高都会觉得没有问题,因为都是值得的。但是,有没有人试过供着负资产的房子是怎样的心情呢?尝试一下假设情况,你会如何去做?

大 家都知道,银行的任务是雨天收伞,晴天开伞。那么,现在晴天,自然的所谓银行估值自然也是晴天的水平。如果雨天来到,银行还是会和晴天一样的估值吗?如果 雨天来到,估值比贷款少很多的时候,银行会如何?如果我们都能继续供屋子,但是如果我们名下有太多的贷款,银行会害怕吗?银行会如何处理?当然,我们名下 有那么多的屋子,自然的要做假income tax,来取得贷款(当然代价是给income tax),如果后年我不能再做假income tax(要给tax的),收入就必需报少,这时候我名下有那么多的屋子,30%是负资产,银行会如何?

银行是贪婪的,是风险管理的。如果我没有问题,银行希望可以借我无限量的钱。只要我可能有问题(income tax 评估,资产评估,借贷评估等等),银行是不是会放着不管?

房产泡沫通常只有两种情况下才可以持续:
1。经济成长快速
2。热钱流入,也就是外资FDI

请了解,银行降低利率只能间接的制造房地产升值,而不是直接。真正最主要的原因还是经济成长和热钱。

另外,我们都了解,一当房地产泡沫爆炸,怎样降低利率都很难救到,为什么呢?最大的原因是房地产是长期投资,一当泡沫爆炸,房地产价格少说也要5-10年才有可能恢复,在这些年里,能供的也会重伤,不能供的利率再低也无法继续供。所以,低利率并不一定能救到房地产。

那 么,我们预计如果马来西亚房地产泡沫爆炸会发生什么事情呢?首先,你不会看到什么,只会看到房子建好了,但是sales/rent布条一堆。这种情况持续 了一年后,那么房地产价格就会开始下降。接下来,报纸会开始报道地产价格开始下降的事情,结果就是地产价格继续下降而购买者选择观望。这时候,大家会发现 银行的房地产贷款越来越困难,而且估值非常低,还要求很大的头期钱才肯贷款。当然,间接的又再令到房地产价格下跌。

再过多6个月,银行的房屋拍卖开始大量增加,房地产危机正式登场。这时候,政府会出些政策来帮助,政府的政策只能降低伤害,不能解决问题。结果,问题继续扩大,报纸的新闻越登越大,好像怕没有人知道这事情。

最好的情况是法拍屋有很好的反应,那么一些时日,危机就结束,一切开始正常运行。

如果,不好的情况发生时,法拍屋没有人问津,房价就会越做越低,连锁效应和骨牌开始推倒其他绝好地点的房产,价格也受影响。政府大力的政策开始出台。危机情况似乎已经受到控制,但是也不能解决问题,后来,房地产就这样低迷了7-8年。

房 产的受害者,一些人跳楼,一些人意志消沉,一些人不甘愿再放大贷款投机,一些人转型找钱,一些人承受不了压力,开始疯言疯语。房地产问题,让一些人的日子 辛苦了一些年。虽然不是全部人受影响,但是大家都可以感觉到当时的情况和回忆,我们又老了一些,故事又多写了一些,人生还得继续进行。

世界的经济从来没有变过,危机总在人们的贪婪发生,在充满期望中破灭,清除干净后,经济又再度开始。每次的危机都会有受害者,也有得益者,这,只不过是财富转移的过程而已。

找到一个文章应该可以救很多人,highlight了重要部分。bold的3点都要细心留意。

What is a loan agreement?

A loan agreement is a ‘contract’ entered into between the borrower and the lender (banks and financial institutions) that regulates the terms of a loan. The loan agreement comes into picture immediately after the bank appraises your credit and the property that you have identified.

The agreement and the fine prints…

In the euphoria to acquire that dream house, various clauses in the loan agreement are often overlooked. However, these clauses have a significant bearing on areas ranging from interest rates to repayment schedules. Reading home loan agreements is generally viewed as a sheer formality and one always tends to ignore points that the agreement mentions. Moreover, the legal language used in the document often seems more alien than human!

In any case, not reading a loan agreement thoroughly can land you in a soup. Here are some clauses, which should be searched for inside a loan agreement and be clarified with your HFC (Housing Finance Company):

Reset Clause on Fixed Rates: Banks have introduced the reset clause in their fixed rate, home loan agreements so that they can increase interest rates in case the market rates increase in future. This effectively makes fixed rate loans equivalent to floating rate ones. This gives the banks an escape from interest rate surges but is a disadvantage for the borrower who is mostly unaware about such content in their agreement. Typically, the period for such reset clause varies from two to five years depending on the bank or housing finance company you borrow from. So read this clause in your loan agreement carefully.

Force Majeure Clause: There may be certain loopholes in your home loan agreement that allows the bank or home loan company to unfix and raise the fixed interest rate under exceptional circumstances. This will be mentioned under the ‘force majeure’ clause of your agreement. However, the differentiation between ‘exceptional circumstances’ and normal circumstances is always a tough task.

For e.g. A cut in banks’ prime lending rate is not automatically translating into reduction of all PLR-linked loan rates. The reason being cited is that the bank’s margins are under severe stress due to lending rate cuts. They feel interest rates on some existing sub-PLR loans do not even cover their cost of funds and any further fall in those sub-PLR loans will worsen the matter. Therefore, some public sector banks have revised the existing loan contracts in case of select sub-PLR borrowers, by using the ‘force majeure’ clause, meaning a ’situation beyond control’.

Defining a Fault: A ‘fault’ for a layman often means a non-payment of an EMI during the loan tenure. However, your bank or HFC may have a different meaning for this term. The home loan agreement of few banks defines fault as a case when the borrower expires, the borrower is divorced (in case of more than a single borrower), or the borrower is/are involved in any civil litigation or criminal offence. Therefore, you must be clear what your lender means by the term ‘fault’.


Security cover at times of falling property rates: This clause states that a bank is eligible to demand additional security when property prices fall. Even if you are loyal on your EMI payments, this clause demands a security cover in addition to your loan amount and if a borrower fails to provide such a security then he/ she may be declared a defaulter by the lender.


Floating is Fixed and vice versa: Floating rate as well as fixed rate home loans are linked to the Benchmark Prime Lending Rate of a bank or the HFC from which you take a home loan. Hence, if the BPLR is 13.5 per cent and floating rate home loans are at a discount of 1.5 per cent to the BPLR, then the interest rate on a floating rate home loan is 12 per cent. So whenever the BPLR is raised, then the interest to be paid on the floating rate home loan goes up. The vice versa also holds true.

However, banks and HFCs do not show the same alacrity to reduce the interest rates, which they might have shown when increasing it. When interest rates come down, banks and HFCs offer lower rates to new customers but existing customers continue paying the higher interest rates. Check with the bank or HFC regarding the details about such clauses.

These clauses are overlooked by most home loan borrowers and some of them eventually end up paying interest rates, fees, or hidden charges completely out of the blue. It is imperative that you have a thorough understanding of such clauses with your bank or HFC.

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